{"id":942,"date":"2023-01-18T13:58:36","date_gmt":"2023-01-18T05:58:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/site.uugo.cf\/?p=942"},"modified":"2023-01-18T13:58:46","modified_gmt":"2023-01-18T05:58:46","slug":"%e4%ba%ba%e5%8f%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/site.uugo.cf\/?p=942","title":{"rendered":"\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

China\u2019s population declined last year, for the first time since the mass deaths associated with Mao Zedong\u2019s disastrous Great Leap Forward in the 1960s. Or maybe it would be more accurate to say that China has announced that its population declined. Many observers are skeptical about Chinese data; I\u2019ve been at conferences when China released, say, new data on economic growth, and many people responded by asking not \u201cWhy was growth 7.3 percent?\u201d but rather \u201cWhy did the Chinese government decide to say that it was 7.3 percent?\u201d
\u53bb\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u81ea 1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u4e0b\u964d\u3002 \u6216\u8005\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5ba3\u5e03\u5176\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0b\u964d\u3002 \u8bb8\u591a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\u3002 \u5f53\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u5e03\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u53c2\u52a0\u8fc7\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u589e\u957f\u662f 7.3%\uff1f\u201d \u800c\u662f\u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bf4\u662f 7.3%\uff1f\u201d

In any case, it\u2019s clear that China\u2019s population is or soon will be at a peak; the best bet is probably that population has been falling for several years. But why consider this a problem? After all, in the 1960s and 1970s, many people worried that the world was facing a crisis of overpopulation, with China one of the biggest sources of that pressure. And the Chinese government itself tried to limit population growth with its famous one-child policy.
\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u6216\u5373\u5c06\u8fbe\u5230\u9876\u5cf0\uff1b \u6700\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\u5e74\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\u3002 \u4f46\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5462\uff1f \u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u5728 1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u548c 1970 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u62c5\u5fc3\u4e16\u754c\u6b63\u9762\u4e34\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc7\u5269\u7684\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u538b\u529b\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6765\u6e90\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u8457\u540d\u7684\u72ec\u751f\u5b50\u5973\u653f\u7b56\u6765\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u957f\u3002

So why isn\u2019t population decline good news, an indication that China and the world in general will have fewer people placing demands on the resources of a finite planet?
\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0b\u964d\u4e0d\u662f\u597d\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u6b63\u8bf4\u660e\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u5bf9\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5730\u7403\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u66f4\u5c11\u4e86\u5417\uff1f

The answer is that a declining population creates two major problems for economic management. These problems aren\u2019t insoluble, given intellectual clarity and political will. But will China rise to the challenge? That\u2019s far from clear.
\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0b\u964d\u7ed9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ba1\u7406\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u3002 \u8003\u8651\u5230\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u613f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u975e\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002 \u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f1a\u8fce\u96be\u800c\u4e0a\u5417\uff1f \u8fd9\u8fd8\u8fdc\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002

The first problem is that a declining population is also an aging population \u2014 and in every society I can think of we depend on younger people to support older people. In the United States the three big social programs are Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid; the first two are explicitly targeted at seniors, and even the third spends most of its money on older Americans and the disabled.
\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4eba\u53e3\u51cf\u5c11\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u53e3\u8001\u9f84\u5316\u2014\u2014\u5728\u6211\u80fd\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u6765\u4f9b\u517b\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u3002 \u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4e09\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u3001\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u9669\u548c\u533b\u7597\u8865\u52a9\uff1b \u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u9488\u5bf9\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e5f\u5c06\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8d44\u91d1\u82b1\u5728\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u548c\u6b8b\u75be\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002

In each case, the funding for these programs ultimately depends on taxes paid by working-age adults, and concerns about America\u2019s long-term fiscal future arise largely from a rising old-age dependency ratio \u2014 that is, a rising ratio of seniors to those of working age.
\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u9002\u9f84\u5de5\u4eba\u7f34\u7eb3\u7684\u7a0e\u6b3e\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u957f\u671f\u8d22\u653f\u672a\u6765\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u4e3b\u8981\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u8001\u5e74\u629a\u517b\u6bd4\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u4e0e\u9002\u9f84\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0a\u5347\u3002

China\u2019s social safety net is relatively undeveloped compared with ours, but older Chinese nonetheless depend on government aid \u2014 especially the state pension. And China\u2019s old-age dependency ratio is skyrocketing. This means that China will either have to inflict a lot of economic pain on its elderly, sharply raise taxes on younger citizens or both.
\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u4f53\u7cfb\u76f8\u5bf9\u6b20\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u4f9d\u8d56\u653f\u5e9c\u63f4\u52a9\u2014\u2014\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u517b\u8001\u91d1\u3002 \u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8001\u5e74\u629a\u517b\u6bd4\u6b63\u5728\u98d9\u5347\u3002 \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7ed9\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u5e26\u6765\u5f88\u591a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e24\u8005\u517c\u800c\u6709\u4e4b\u3002

The other problem is subtler but also serious. To maintain full employment, a society must keep overall spending high enough to keep up with the economy\u2019s productive capacity. You might think that a shrinking population, which reduces capacity, would make this task easier. But a falling population \u2014 especially a falling working-age population \u2014 tends to reduce some important kinds of spending, especially investment spending. After all, if the number of workers is declining, there\u2019s less need to build new factories, office buildings and so on; if the number of families is declining, there\u2019s not much need to build new housing.
\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u66f4\u5fae\u5999\u4f46\u4e5f\u5f88\u4e25\u91cd\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u5145\u5206\u5c31\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u8db3\u591f\u9ad8\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u652f\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u8ddf\u4e0a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u3002 \u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u53e3\u51cf\u5c11\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u4f7f\u8fd9\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u3002 \u4f46\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0b\u964d\u2014\u2014\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u5e74\u9f84\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0b\u964d\u2014\u2014\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u652f\u51fa\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6295\u8d44\u652f\u51fa\u3002 \u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5efa\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u3001\u529e\u516c\u697c\u7b49\uff1b \u5982\u679c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6570\u91cf\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5efa\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u4f4f\u623f\u3002

The result is that a society with a declining working-age population tends, other things equal, to experience persistent economic weakness. Japan illustrates the point: Its working-age population peaked in the mid-1990s, and the country has struggled with deflation ever since, despite decades of extremely low interest rates. More recently, other wealthy countries whose demographies have begun to resemble Japan\u2019s have faced similar issues, although these issues have been sidelined \u2014 temporarily, I\u2019d argue \u2014 by the burst of inflation set off by policy responses to Covid-19.
\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4eba\u53e3\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u75b2\u8f6f\u3002 \u65e5\u672c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a\u5176\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4eba\u53e3\u5728 1990 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u8fbe\u5230\u9876\u5cf0\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u5229\u7387\u6781\u4f4e\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u8be5\u56fd\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u4e0e\u901a\u8d27\u7d27\u7f29\u4f5c\u6597\u4e89\u3002 \u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u53e3\u7ed3\u6784\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u5bcc\u88d5\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6401\u7f6e\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u7684\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u662f\u5e94\u5bf9\u65b0\u51a0\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u901a\u80c0\u7206\u53d1\u800c\u5df2\u3002

To be fair to the Japanese, they\u2019ve arguably handled the issue of population decline pretty well, avoiding mass unemployment in part by propping up their economy with deficit spending. This has led to high levels of public debt, but there has been no hint that investors are losing faith in Japanese solvency.
\u516c\u5e73\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8d64\u5b57\u652f\u51fa\u6765\u652f\u6491\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5931\u4e1a\u3002 \u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u516c\u5171\u503a\u52a1\u6c34\u6da8\u8239\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u8ff9\u8c61\u8868\u660e\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u6b63\u5728\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u507f\u4ed8\u80fd\u529b\u5931\u53bb\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002

But can China \u2014 whose working-age population has been falling since 2015 \u2014 manage things equally well? There are good reasons to be skeptical.
\u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u2014\u2014\u5176\u52b3\u52a8\u5e74\u9f84\u4eba\u53e3\u81ea 2015 \u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\u2014\u2014\u80fd\u5426\u5904\u7406\u5f97\u540c\u6837\u597d\uff1f \u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7406\u7531\u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\u3002

For China has long had a wildly unbalanced economy. For reasons I admit I don\u2019t fully understand, policymakers there have been reluctant to allow the full benefits of past economic growth to pass through to households, and that has led to relatively low consumer demand.
\u56e0\u4e3a\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6781\u5ea6\u5931\u8861\u3002 \u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u8ba9\u8fc7\u53bb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u597d\u5904\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u9700\u6c42\u3002

Instead, China has sustained its economy with extremely high rates of investment, far higher even than those that prevailed in Japan at the height of its infamous late-1980s bubble. Normally, investing in the future is good, but when extremely high investment collides with a falling population, much of that investment inevitably yields diminishing returns.
\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee5\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u7387\u7ef4\u6301\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c 20 \u4e16\u7eaa 80 \u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u6ce1\u6cab\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u7387\u3002 \u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u4e0e\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0b\u964d\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6295\u8d44\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u9012\u51cf\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u3002

Indeed, at this point China\u2019s economy appears to rely on an incredibly bloated real estate sector, which sure looks like a financial crisis waiting to happen.
\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u7684\u81a8\u80c0\u7684\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u80af\u5b9a\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u62ed\u76ee\u4ee5\u5f85\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u3002

It would be foolish to assume that China can\u2019t cope with its demographic issues. After all, if we\u2019re taking the longer view, China has been an incredible success story, transforming itself from a poor, developing nation into an economic superpower in just a few decades.
\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u5bf9\u5176\u4eba\u53e3\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u611a\u8822\u7684\u3002 \u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u653e\u773c\u957f\u8fdc\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u5185\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d2b\u7a77\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d85\u7ea7\u5927\u56fd\u3002

On the other hand, I\u2019m old enough to remember when every other business book seemed to have a samurai warrior on the cover, promising to teach the management secrets that were turning Japan into the world\u2019s economic leader.
\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f97\u4ee5\u524d\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5546\u4e1a\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u5c01\u9762\u4e0a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u6709\u6b66\u58eb\uff0c\u627f\u8bfa\u4f20\u6388\u8ba9\u65e5\u672c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u79d8\u8bc0\u3002

The point is that for economies, as with investment funds, past performance is no guarantee of future results. We don\u2019t know how much China\u2019s demographic challenges will cause it to stumble, but there are good reasons to be concerned; I\u2019ve heard pessimists describe the situation in China as similar to that of post-boom Japan without the same high level of social cohesion that allowed government and society to cushion the fall.
\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0e\u6295\u8d44\u57fa\u91d1\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e2d\u56fd\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6311\u6218\u4f1a\u7ed9\u5b83\u5e26\u6765\u591a\u5927\u7684\u632b\u6298\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7406\u7531\u611f\u5230\u62c5\u5fe7\uff1b \u6211\u542c\u8bf4\u60b2\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e0e\u91d1\u878d\u6ce1\u6cab\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u793e\u4f1a\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba9\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7f13\u51b2\u8870\u9000\u3002

Oh, and China is a superpower, with an authoritarian and seemingly erratic leader. I don\u2019t think it\u2019s alarmist to worry about how it will react if its economy performs poorly.
\u54e6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u5927\u56fd\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e13\u5236\u4e14\u8c8c\u4f3c\u4e0d\u6309\u5e38\u7406\u51fa\u724c\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002 \u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u62c5\u5fc3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0b\u6ed1\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5371\u8a00\u8038\u542c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

China\u2019s population declined last year, for the first time since the mass deaths associated with Mao Zedong\u2019s disastrous …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-942","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-8"],"views":294,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.uugo.cf\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/942","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.uugo.cf\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.uugo.cf\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.uugo.cf\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.uugo.cf\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=942"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/site.uugo.cf\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/942\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":944,"href":"https:\/\/site.uugo.cf\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/942\/revisions\/944"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.uugo.cf\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=942"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.uugo.cf\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=942"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.uugo.cf\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=942"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}