[\u6309] 30\u5e74\u4ee3\u7f8e\u56fd\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55\u00b7\u5f17\u83b1\u514b\u65af\u7eb3(Abraham Flexner)\u6559\u6388\u66fe\u4ee5 \u201c\u65e0\u7528\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6709\u7528\u6027\u201d\u4e3a\u9898\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u8fc7\u4e00\u7bc7\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u8be5\u6587\u7ae0\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u7814 \u7a76\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u7531\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5168\u6587\u4e00\u4e07\u4f59\u5b57\uff0c\u73b0\u8282\u8bd1\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u9910\u8bfb\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u667a\u529b\u4e0e\u7cbe\u795e\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u7528\u578b\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5927\u91cf\u4ece\u4e8b\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u662f\u56e0 \u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e0\u7528\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u7a0b\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd \u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u5374\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u610f\u5916\u5730\u5f97\u5230\u68a6\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u6709\u7528\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u91cd\u590d\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7269\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec \u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u7269\u8d28\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5206\u914d\u548c\u4e16\u4fd7\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u591a\u7684\u5b66\u5b50\u79bb\u5f00\u4ed6\u4eec\u7236\u8f88\u6240\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684 \u7814\u7a76\u800c\u8f6c\u5411\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u548c\u7d27\u8feb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6211\u4e0e\u8fd9\u79cd \u503e\u5411\u5e76\u65e0\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u89c9\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u9664\u975e\u5c06\u5b83\u6539\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83 \u597d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u65e0\u6570\u7684\u4eba\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b89\u9759\u5730\u3001\u5fe7\u4f24\u5730\u3001\u75db\u82e6\u5730\u8d70\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec \u7684\u575f\u5893\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u6709\u65f6\u7eb3\u95f7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u67d0\u4e9b\u53ef\u8d4b\u4e88\u5b83\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u201c\u65e0 \u7528\u4e4b\u7269\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u7ed9\u4eba\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u4e00\u751f\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff1f\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u6709\u7528\u4e4b\u7269 \u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u53d8\u5f97\u592a\u72ed\u7a84\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u4eba\u7c7b\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u6e38\u8361\u548c\u53d8\u5e7b\u83ab\u6d4b\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u79d1\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u53ca\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u7cbe\u795e\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u4ece\u79d1\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u8c08 \u8d77\u3002\u51e0\u5e74\u524d\u6211\u540c\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u4f0a\u65af\u66fc(George Eastman)\u66fe\u8c08\u8d77\u4e86\u201c\u6548\u7528\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u66fc\u5148 \u751f\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u806a\u660e\u3001\u6587\u96c5\u800c\u6709\u8fdc\u89c1\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u5411\u5bf9\u6211\u8bf4\u4ed6\u6253\u7b97\u5c3d\u5176\u6240\u80fd\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6709\u7528\u77e5\u8bc6 \u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4e0a\u3002\u6211\u5192\u6627\u5730\u95ee\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8c01\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u6709\u7528\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4ed6\u7acb\u5373\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u9a6c \u53ef\u5c3c(Maconi) \u3002\u201d\u6211\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u65e0\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u5f97\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e50\u8da3\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u5e7f\u64ad\u548c\u6536\u97f3\u673a \u80fd\u7ed9\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u589e\u52a0\u4ec0\u4e48\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u9a6c\u53ef\u5c3c\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4f7f\u4ed6\u611f\u5230\u60ca\u5947\uff0c \u4ed6\u8981\u6211\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6211\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u4f5c\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u201c\u4f0a\u65af\u66fc\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u9a6c\u53ef\u5c3c\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u65e0\u7ebf \u7535\u9886\u57df\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u529f\u52b3\u5e94\u5f52\u4e8e\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6(ClerkMaxwell)\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4ed6\u4e8e186 5\u5e74\u5bf9\u7535\u573a\u4e0e\u78c1\u573a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6df1\u5965\u7684\u9884\u8a00\u5f0f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5e76\u57281873\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4e13\u8457\u4e2d\u518d\u6b21\u5217 \u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u4fc3\u8fdb\u534f\u4f1a\u53e6\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af(H.J.S. Smith)\u6559\u6388\u5ba3\u79f0\uff1a\u2018\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u90e8\u591a\u5377\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u5927\u91cf\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7eaf\u7cb9\u6570\u5b66 \u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u624b\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684\u65b0\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u8bfb\u4e0d\u61c2\u8fd9\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u2019\u5728\u5176\u540e\u768415\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u53d1 \u73b0\u8865\u5145\u4e86\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u57281887\u548c1888\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u9879\u4ecd\u672a\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u65e0 \u7ebf\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u8f7d\u4f53\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7531\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u4ea5\u59c6\u970d\u5179\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8d6b\u5179(Heinri ch Herts)\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u8fd8\u662f\u8d6b\u5179\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u60f3\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6548\u7528\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684 \u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u9a6c\u53ef\u5c3c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u5230\u4e00\u9879\u6700\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u6df1\u8fdc\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u540c\u610f\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u7535\u3002\u662f \u8c01\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7535\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee5\u4e4b\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u53d1\u73b0\u5462\uff1f\u56de\u7b54\u662f\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c(Michael Faraday)\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u94c1\u5320\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u672c\u4eba\u539f\u5148\u8ddf\u4e00\u4f4d\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u88c5\u8ba2\u5de5 \u5f53\u5b66\u5f92\u3002\u57281812\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf21\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u670b\u53cb\u628a\u4ed6\u5e26\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4ed6\u542c\u4e86 \u6234\u7ef4\u7235\u58eb(Sir Humphrey Davy)\u56db\u6b21\u5173\u4e8e\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u8bb2\u5ea7\u30021813\u5e74\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u6234\u7ef4\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u52a9\u7406\uff0c \u7814\u7a76\u5316\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u5f88\u5feb\u7531\u5316\u5b66\u8f6c\u5411\u7535\u548c\u78c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u5145\u6ee1\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u4f59\u751f\u732e\u8eab\u4e8e\u7535 \u78c1\u3002\u6b64\u524d\u5965\u65af\u7279(Oersted)\u3001\u5b89\u57f9(Ampere)\u548c\u6e25\u62c9\u65af\u987f(Wollaston)\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684 \u4e00\u4e9b\u7591\u96be\u800c\u53c8\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1841\u5e74\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5b8c\u6210 \u4e86\u7535\u78c1\u611f\u5e94\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u56db\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e0a\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5149\u8f89\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u504f\u632f\u5149\u4e0a\u7684\u78c1 \u6548\u5e94\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u4ed6\u90a3\u65e0\u53ef\u6bd4\u62df\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4ed6\u90fd\u4e0d\u5bf9\u5b9e\u7528\u611f\u5230\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709 \u4e00\u4e2a\u51c6\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e0d\u505c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u5b9e\u7528\u4e0a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6000\u7591\u90fd\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u4ed6\u90a3\u65e0\u4f11\u6b62\u7684\u597d\u5947\u5fc3 \u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u5374\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5b9e\u7528\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u9ad8\u7b49\u6570\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u4e3e\u65e0\u6570\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a18\u4e16\u7eaa\u548c19\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u6df1\u5965\u96be\u89e3\u7684 \u6570\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u201c\u975e\u6b27\u51e0\u4f55\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u4eba\u9ad8\u65af(Gauss)\u867d\u7136\u88ab\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u4eba\u516c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u6570 \u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e5f\u672a\u6562\u572825\u5e74\u4e2d\u51fa\u7248\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u201c\u975e\u6b27\u51e0\u4f55\u201d\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u9ad8\u65af\u5728\u683c\u4e01 \u6839\u505a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u672c\u8eab\u540c\u4ed6\u6240\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u201c \u7fa4\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u3001\u5e76\u975e\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u5947\u5f02\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa \u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u548c\u63d0\u95ee\u5f15\u5bfc\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d70\u4e0a\u4e86\u5947\u7279\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u201c\u7fa4\u8bba\u201d\u4eca\u5929\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5149\u8c31 \u5b66\u91cf\u5b50\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u6982\u7387\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8ba1\u7b97\u662f\u7531\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bf9\u535a\u5955\u7406\u8bba\u5145\u6ee1\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b \u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4fdd\u9669\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7269 \u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5e7f\u5927\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u4ee5\u5176\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u57661925\u5e74\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e0d\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u90a3\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u7684 \u95ee\u9898\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u63a5\u8fd1\u6e29\u6807\u4e0b\u9650\u7684\u201c\u7406\u60f3\u201d\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u53d8\u6001\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u6240\u6709\u6c14\u4f53 \u5728\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u90fd\u51b7\u51dd\u4e3a\u6db2\u4f53\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u5ffd\u89c6\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u576615\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7136 \u800c\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6db2\u6001\u6c26\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed9\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6db2\u4f53 \u968f\u7740\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u9ecf\u6ede\u6027\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u800c\u6db2\u6001\u6c26\u5374\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u7edd\u5bf9\u96f6\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e0a2.19\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u03b4\u70b9\u7684 \u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u6db2\u6001\u6c26\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6bd4\u5b83\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u4e0b\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u5728\u6db2\u6001\u6c26\u5947\u602a\u7279\u6027\u4e2d\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u5de8\u5927\u7684 \u5bfc\u70ed\u6027\u3002\u5728\u03b4\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u5bfc\u70ed\u6027\u5927\u7ea6\u4e3a\u94dc\u5728\u5ba4\u6e29\u7684500\u500d\u3002\u6db2\u6001\u6c26\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u7ed9\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5316 \u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u8c1c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u770b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u548c\u536b\u751f\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5728\u74e6\u5c14\u4ee3\u5c14(Wilhelm van Waldeyer)\u6559 \u6388\u7684\u300a\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bb2\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5728\u968f\u540c\u4ed6\u53bb\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00 \u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e2a\u5934\u3001\u6c89\u9ed8\u5be1\u8a00\u3001\u4e0d\u663e\u773c\u768417\u5c81\u7537\u5b69\uff0c\u540d\u53eb\u4fdd\u5c14\u00b7\u57c3\u5c14\u5229\u5947(Paul Ehrlich)\u3002\u90a3\u65f6 \u7684\u89e3\u5256\u8bfe\u5305\u62ec\u89e3\u5256\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u4f46\u57c3\u5c14\u5229\u5947\u5e76\u4e0d\u592a\u91cd\u89c6\u89e3\u5256\u3002\u300a\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b\u4e2d\u4f5c \u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a\u6211\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u57c3\u5c14\u5229\u5947\u5f80\u5f80\u4f0f\u6848\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5168\u795e\u8d2f\u6ce8\u4e8e\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u89c2\u5bdf \uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u529e\u516c\u684c\u4e0a\u9010\u6e10\u76d6\u6ee1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e26\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u5f69\u8272\u6591\u70b9\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u6211\u95ee\u4ed6\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a \u90a3\u4e9b\u5f69\u8679\u4f3c\u7684\u5f69\u8272\u9635\u5217\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u671f\u5e94\u8be5\u5b66\u4e60\u5e38\u89c4\u89e3\u5256\u8bfe\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u5b66\u751f\u62ac\u8d77 \u5934\u6765\u770b\u7740\u6211\uff0c\u548c\u853c\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201cLch probiere” \u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u6211\u5728\u8bd5\u9a8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u5e72\u50bb\u4e8b \u201d\u3002\u6211\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u5e72\u50bb\u4e8b\u5427\u3002\u201d\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4e0d\u53bb\u6559\u4ed6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53bb\u6307\u5bfc\u4ed6\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5f88\u5feb \u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6211\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u57c3\u5c14\u5229\u5947\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d20\u8d28\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u57c3\u5c14\u5229\u5947\u901a\u8fc7\u533b\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8d70\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8def \uff0c\u6700\u540e\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u5230\u4e86\u5e03\u96f7\u65af\u52b3\uff0c\u8ddf\u968f\u79d1\u6069\u6d77\u59c6(Cohnhiem)\u6559\u6388\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u4e0d \u8ba4\u4e3a\u57c3\u5c14\u5229\u5947\u5934\u8111\u4e2d\u66fe\u95ea\u52a8\u8fc7\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u5ff5\u5934\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5fc3\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e72\u50bb\u4e8b\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u79cd\u6df1\u6df1\u7684 \u672c\u80fd\u6240\u63a8\u52a8\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7eaf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u79d1\u8d6b(Koch)\u548c\u4ed6\u7684 \u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u5b66\u79d1–\u7ec6\u83cc\u5b66\u3002\u57c3\u5c14\u5229\u5947\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u90a3\u65f6\u7531\u4e00\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7ed9\u7ec6\u83cc\u67d3 \u8272\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9274\u522b\u3002\u57c3\u5c14\u5229\u5947\u81ea\u5df1\u5219\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u8840\u6db2\u819c\u67d3\u8272\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u4e8e\u767d\u8840\u7403\u3001\u7ea2\u8840\u7403 \u5f62\u6001\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u77e5\u8bc6\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u533b\u9662\u91cc\uff0c\u57c3\u5c14\u5229\u5947\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6bcf \u5929\u90fd\u7528\u4e8e\u5316\u9a8c\u8840\u6db2\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u5821\u74e6\u5c14\u4ee3\u5c14\u89e3\u5256\u5ba4\u91cc\u663e\u7136\u65e0\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4eca \u5929\u533b\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4ece\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u9879\u5b9e\u9a8c\u90fd\u5c06\u6700\u7ec8\u8f6c\u5411\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u6700\u7ec8\u5b9e \u7528\u662f\u5176\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u6211\u66f4\u8d5e\u540c\u5e9f\u9664\u201c\u5b9e\u7528\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u5e76\u8d5e\u540c\u89e3\u653e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5 \u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u56e0\u6b64\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u94b1\u8d22\u3002\u4f46\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5fc3\u7075\u83b7\u5f97\u81ea\u7531\u800c\u6d89 \u8db3\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\u6446\u8131\u67b7\u9501\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u98ce\u9669\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4f7f\u5f97\u50cf\u6d77\u5c14(Hale)\u3001\u5362\u745f\u798f(Rutherfo rd)\u548c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7b49\u4eba\u7ecf\u4ebf\u4e07\u91cc\u8fdb\u5165\u6700\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u9886\u57df\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5c06\u675f\u7f1a\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u65e0\u7a77\u7684 \u80fd\u91cf\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u51fa\u4e8e\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u800c\u505a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6539\u89c2\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u3001\u672a \u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u6279\u8bc4\u6709\u7528\u6027\u52a8\u673a\u5360\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u50cf\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u6216\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b66\u9662\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u673a\u6784\u3002\u5de5 \u4e1a\u4e0a\u6216\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u91cc\u9047\u5230\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u56f0\u96be\u4f1a\u523a\u6fc0\u7406\u8bba\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u63a2\u7d22\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ef\u80fd\u3001\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3 \u5411\u5176\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u63a2\u7d22\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u5f00\u8f9f\u65b0\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u63a2\u7d22\u6682\u65f6\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u65e0\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b55\u80b2 \u7740\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5373\u5b9e\u7528\u6210\u679c\u6216\u7406\u8bba\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u968f\u7740\u201c\u65e0\u7528\u201d\u77e5\u8bc6\u6216\u7406\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c40\u9762\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u79d1 \u5b66\u7cbe\u795e\u89e3\u51b3\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u98ce\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u201c\u7eaf\u201d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u8fdb\u6765\u3002\u6211 \u5df2\u63d0\u5230\u9a6c\u514b\u5c3c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6709\u76ca\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ea\u4e0d \u8fc7\u662f\u201c\u62fe\u53d6\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e4b\u8111\u201d\u3002\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\u5219\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5927\u79d1\u5b66 \u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e0d\u613f\u89e3\u51b3\u50cf\u6cd5\u56fd\u8461\u8404\u5c5e\u690d\u7269\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u6216\u5564\u9152\u917f\u9020\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5 \u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u8fdc\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u6682\u65f6 \u770b\u4f3c\u65e0\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u672a\u80fd\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d8\u5f97\u6709\u7528\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u5fc5\u987b\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5373\u8c28\u9632\u628a\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u5b8c\u5168\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u9879\u53d1\u73b0\u90fd \u6709\u957f\u671f\u800c\u574e\u5777\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ee7\u7eed \u5411\u524d\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e00\u4f4d\u5929\u624d\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62fc\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5e76\u4f5c\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u624d\u7b97\u6210\u529f\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u50cf\u5bc6\u897f \u897f\u6bd4\u6cb3\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u6765\u81ea\u9065\u8fdc\u68ee\u6797\u7684\u5c0f\u6cb3\uff0c\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u5c0f\u6cb3\u6c47\u5408\u589e\u5927\u4e86\u6c34\u91cf\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u80fd\u51b2 \u7834\u5824\u575d\u7684\u5486\u54ee\u7684\u6cb3\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u6211\u60f3\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u9ad8\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u201c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6765\u9610\u8ff0\u6700\u660e\u663e\u548c\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u201c\u5916\u6765 \u5f71\u54cd\u201d\u3002\u201c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u201d\u7cfb\u73ed\u4f2f\u683c(Louis Bamberger)\u5148\u751f\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u59b9\u59b9\u798f\u5c14\u5fb7(Felix Fuld)\u592a\u592a\u4e8e1930\u5e74\u5728\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u5dde\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u6709\u4e2a\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u9ad8 \u6c34\u5e73\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u9662\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u9662\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u90e8\u95e8\u540c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u6240 \u53d7\u60e0\u4e8e\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u59cb\u4e8e1933\u5e74\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570 \u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7ef4\u5e03\u4f26(Veblen)\u3001\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927(Alexandar)\u548c\u6469\u5c14\u65af(Morse)\uff1b\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u8005\u4e2d \u6709\u6885\u91cc\u7279(Merrit)\u3001\u6d1b(Lowe)\u548c\u6208\u5fb7\u66fc(Goldman)\uff1b\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6709\u65af\u56fe\u5c14\u7279(Ste wart)\u3001\u91cc\u592b\u52d2(Riefler)\u3001\u6c83\u4f26(Warren)\u3001\u5384\u5c14(Earle)\u548c\u7c73\u7279\u62c9\u5c3c(Mitrany)\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8 \u5e94\u52a0\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u548c\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4efb\u804c\u7684\u540c\u7b49\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u5b66\u8005 \u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8fd8\u201c\u53d7\u60e0\u201d\u4e8e\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u903c\u6765\u4e86\u6570\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u3001 \u5916\u5c14(Weyl)\u548c\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc(Von Neumann)\uff1b\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8d6b\u5179\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7(Herzfield)\u548c\u5e15\u8bfa\u592b\u65af\u57fa( Panofsky)\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u6155\u540d\u800c\u6765\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u6700\u4e0d\u6b63\u89c4\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b66\u9662\u2014\u2014\u6570\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u3001 \u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u9662\u3002\u5404\u4e2a\u5b66\u9662\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u671f\u8058\u4efb\u7684\u6559\u6388\u5c0f\u7ec4\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u4e0d\u65ad \u66f4\u6362\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b66\u8005\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5404\u5b66\u9662\u81ea\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u3002\u5728\u5404\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5185 \uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5176\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5c55\u73b0\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6765\u81ea22\u4e2a\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u548c\u6765\u81ea\u7f8e\u56fd39\u4e2a\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b66\u5e9c \u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b66\u8005\u88ab\u63a5\u7eb3\u5165\u5b66\uff0c\u6309\u5b66\u79d1\u5206\u5230\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7814\u7a76\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5185\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4eab\u53d7\u4e0e\u6559\u6388\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u81ea\u7531 \uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u6559\u6388\u4e00\u8d77\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u72ec\u81ea\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e0d\u65f6\u5730\u8bf7\u6559\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u4efb \u4f55\u4eba\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4f8b\u884c\u516c\u4e8b\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5faa\uff0c\u6559\u6388\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u5212\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u754c\u9650\u3002\u666e\u6797 \u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u6559\u6388\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5b66\u5458\u548c\u6559\u6388\u975e\u5e38\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u96be\u8fa8\u5e08\u751f\u3002\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u59d4 \u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ec\u5f00\u7cfb\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e0a\u5df2\u51cf\u81f3\u6700\u4f4e\u3002\u6709\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\u4eba\u4eab \u6709\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4ea7\u751f\u60f3\u6cd5\u3001\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4ea4\u6d41\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u60f3\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u96c6\u4e2d\u8bbe\u60f3\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a \u7814\u7a76\u6240\u91cc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u90a3\u6837\u81ea\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u3000\u3000\u5982\u62e8\u51fa\u4e00\u4efd\u85aa\u91d1\u4f7f\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u4e00\u4f4d\u6559\u6388\u6765\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u3002\u4ed6\u6765\u51fd\u95ee\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48 \uff1f\u201d\u6211\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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